Cleaning the House or Demolishing It? **A Layman’s Reflection on the Reform Movements in Hindu Society**
Out of curiosity, I picked up a book on Modern Indian History by Bipan Chandra. Incidentally, the chapter that opened before me, without any plan or prior intention, was “The Reforms after 1858.” The chapter dealt with the major reform movements and their advocates—the Brahmo Samaj, the Prarthana Samaj, the Ramakrishna Mission, the reforms associated with Debendranath Tagore, Vivekananda, Gopal Hari Deshmukh, Dayanand Saraswati, the Theosophists and several others. The issues they raised were largely concerned with the social evils and practices prevalent among Hindus, which, in their view, had rendered Indian society unfit for a dignified life. The belief they inherited and chiefly attacked was idolatry. Almost all of them, in one way or another, criticised idolatry on the ground that it encouraged or sustained evils such as superstition, discrimination, child marriage and the plight of widows. Without any prejudice to their erudition or to the immense contribution they made to contem...